Which management function involves deciding what needs to be done, how it will get done, and who needs to do it?

• A. Organizing
• B. Directing
• C. Controlling
• D. Planning

Answer: (D)

Planning is the management function that involves deciding what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who will do it. It covers setting goals, identifying the tasks required to reach them, choosing methods and sequences, determining the resources needed, and assigning responsibilities with timelines. For example, when launching a new project, planning would outline the objectives, map out the necessary steps, select the approach, and designate who is accountable for each step. Organizing follows planning by structuring resources and tasks; directing focuses on guiding people to carry out the plan; controlling involves monitoring progress and making adjustments. The described process aligns with planning because it centers on what to do, how to do it, and who is responsible.